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  2021, Vol. 2 Issue (1): 1-15    doi: 10.23919/ICN.2021.0001
Wireless communication     
Toward long-range adaptive communication via information centric networking
Anthony Dowling(),Lauren Huie(),Laurent Njilla(),Hong Zhao(),Yaoqing Liu*()
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13676, USA
Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate in Rome, Rome, NY 13441, USA
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA
Gildart Haase School of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA
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Abstract  

As Internet of Things (IoT) applications become more prevalent and grow in their use, a limited number of wireless communication methods may be unable to enable dependable, robust delivery of information. It is necessary to enable adaptive communication and interoperability over a variety of wireless communication media to meet the requirements of large-scale IoT applications. This paper utilizes Named Data Networking (NDN), an up-and-coming Information-Centric Network architecture, to interconnect differing communication links via the network layer, and implements dynamic forwarding strategies and routing mechanisms which aid in the efficient dissemination of information. This work targets the creation of an interface technique to allow NDN to be transported via LoRa. This is acheived via the coupling of LoRa and WiFi using the NDN Forwarding Daemon (NFD) to create a universal ad hoc network. This network has the capacity for high range and multi-hop Device-to-Device (D2D) communication together with compatibility with other network communication media. Testing of the system in a real environment has shown that the newly created ad hoc network is capable of communicating over a several kilometer radius, while making use of the features provided by NDN to capitalize upon various links available to enable the efficient dissemination of data. Furthermore, the newly created network leverages NDN features to enable content-based routing within the LoRa network and utilize content-based routing techniques.



Key wordsNamed Data Networking (NDN)      ad hoc network      device-to-device communication     
Received: 27 November 2020      Online: 19 August 2021
Corresponding Authors: Yaoqing Liu     E-mail: dowlinah@clarkson.edu;lauren.huie-seversky@us.af.mil;laurent.njilla@us.af.mil;zhao@fdu.edu;yliu@fdu.edu
About author: Anthony Dowling is pursuing the PhD degree at Clarkson University. He received the bachelor degree in computer science from Clarkson University in 2019, and the master degree in computer science from Clarkson University in 2020. He worked with the Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate in Rome, NY in the summers of three years: 2018-2020, via the Visiting Faculty Research Progrm. His paper "Empowering Named Data Networks for Ad-Hoc Long-Range Communication" won the Charles Kao Best Paper Award at WOCC 2020. His research focuses on Named-Data Networking (NDN) and its uses in various applications, along with the evaluation of NDN’s performance in a variety of network environments.|Lauren Huie received the BS degree in electrical engineering from the State University of New York at Binghamton in 2005. In 2007, she received the MS degree in electrical engineering from the Pennsylvania State University. She received the PhD degree from the State University of New York at Binghamton in 2013. She is currently with the Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate in Rome, NY. Her research interests include sensor networks, communications, estimation and detection theory, and physical layer security. She is a member of the IEEE.|Laurent Njilla received the BSc degree in computer science from the University of Yaoundé-1 in Yaoundé, Cameroon, the MSc degree in computer engineering from the University of Central Florida in 2005, and the PhD degree in electrical engineering from Florida International University in 2015. He joined the Cyber Assurance Branch of the Air Force Research Laboratory Information Directorate in Rome, NY, as a research electronics engineer in 2015. As a basic researcher, he is responsible for conducting and directing basic research in the area of cyber defense, cyber physical system, cyber resiliency, hardware security, and the application of game theory, category theory, and Blockchain technology. He is the program manager of the Center of Excellence in Cyber Security for the Historically Black Colleges and Universities & Minorities Institutions and the program manager of the Disruptive Information Technology Program at AFRL/RI. He has co-authored over 70 peer-reviewed journal and conference papers with best paper awards. He is a co-inventor of 3 patents and 3 patent applications. He is a co-editor of two books at Wiley-IEEE Press entitled Blockchain for Distributed System Security and Modeling and Design of Secure Internet of Things. He is a member of the National Society of Black Engineer.|Hong Zhao received the PhD degree in electrical and computer engineering from New Jersey Institute of Technology in 2004. She is a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Fairleigh Dickinson University, NJ, USA. Her research focuses on various aspects of broadband communications and computer security including network traffic/performance/security analysis and modeling, and hardware Trojan detection. She serves as an associate editor of the Journal on Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing, and editor of the Journal of Computing and Information Technology. She also serves as vice chair of IEEE North Jersey Section. She has been a TPC member, symposium co-chair, technical paper reviewer, and book reviewer for IEEE conferences, journal magazines, and book publishers. She served as a board chair of the Wireless and Optical Communication Conference (WOCC) (2017-2018). She received AFRL VFRP award in 2014-2016, AFOSR SFFP award in 2017-2019, and 2015 IEEE Region 1 Award for Outstanding Support for the Mission of the IEEE, MGA, REGION 1, and Section.|Yaoqing Liu received the master and PhD degrees from the University of Memphis in computer science in 2011 and 2013, respectively. He is the program coordinator of M.S. in Cybersecurity and Information Assurance program (MSCSIA), and an assistant professor at Gildart Haase School of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Fairleigh Dickinson University (FDU). His research interests are networked systems (security, routing, algorithm, and measurement) and blockchain applications. His publications appear in highly reputed conference proceedings and journals, such as IEEE INFOCOM, ACM SIGCOMM CCR, and ACM/IEEE ANCS. He has been a TPC member and technical paper reviewer for IEEE conferences, journal magazines, and transactions. He is the inventor of four patents. His research work has been selected as one of the 2018 TechConnect Defense Innovation Awards recognizing the potential positive impact for the warfighter and national security.
Cite this article:

Anthony Dowling,Lauren Huie,Laurent Njilla,Hong Zhao,Yaoqing Liu. Toward long-range adaptive communication via information centric networking. , 2021, 2: 1-15.

URL:

http://icn.tsinghuajournals.com/10.23919/ICN.2021.0001     OR     http://icn.tsinghuajournals.com/Y2021/V2/I1/1

Fig. 1 NDN Interest and data flow.
Fig. 2 NDN-based ad hoc network overview.
Fig. 3 Packet header added to NDN packets.
Fig. 4 Internal transport mechanisms of LoRa daemon.
Fig. 5 Different types of LoRa daemon emulators.
Fig. 6 Forwarding strategies.
Fig. 7 Experimental map and device.
Fig. 8 RTT for one and multi-hop experiments.
Fig. 9 RTT in a Y topology.
Fig. 10 RTT for single hop caching.
Fig. 11 RTTs of packets in Y topology with/without caching.
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